![]() Please contact us for quotations in these circumstances. *Please note that some items are excluded from the free delivery offer, including very large and fragile works of art which may require a specialist delivery service. Prices are automatically calculated once shipping address has been added at the basket, or please call for a quotation and to order. Overseas delivery times from 3 - 14 working days. Please call us to arrange these alternative delivery options on 01932 847939. Professional installation may be offered by quotation to some areas of the UK. We also offer a full range of urgent and same-day delivery options, which may be organised and quoted per order. Saturday deliveries may also be requested, which are available for a small additional fee of £25 per delivery. On rare occasions delivery times can be delayed due to courier delays or stock issues. We can send out on a next day guaranteed courier service Monday-Thursday when items are in stock and the order is received before 1pm. ![]() Just make your purchase by 1pm GMT Monday-Thursday and our friendly after sales team will give you a call to discuss convenient delivery days. Lou Reed even stated "I have never been more impressed with a performance of one of my songs." The song was later released also as a single for the charity Children in Need and has raised over 2 million pounds and sold over 1.5 million copies.Over 90% of our art is in stock and available on a fully insured free of charge next day delivery service to the UK mainland*. The song featured many top class artists: Bono, Elton John, David Bowie, Tom Jones and many others. In 1997 BBC released a version of the song as a promotion of its diverse music coverage on their channel. The song later became as an ode to addiction and was also included in the soundtrack of the 1996 film Transpotting, which talks about the life of heroin addicts. Though many people belive that is the meaning of the song, some fans also belive that the song is actually about Reed's love towards heroin in his drug filled period of life. The lyrics talk about simple romantic relations to his wife and about Reed's conflicts with his drug use and sexuality. The song was written by Reed when him and his then-fiancée and first wife were spending a day in Central Park in New York. The work that Ronson had done on the song/album was lauded by Reed on the documentary series Classic Albums, where he praised the songwritting and the talent he had shown on all of the instruments he played on the album. A D Oh its such a perfect day, Cm Im glad I spent it with D D/C D/B you. The recording took place at the Trident Studios in London. Perfect Day Guitar chords and tabs by Lou Reed. While Bowie had influenced the songwritting style of Reed, guitarist Mick Ronson is responsible for a big part of the production aspect of the song/album, as well as being the primary session musician on the song/album, playing guitar,piano and singing the backing vocals. Bowie was also influenced by Reed in his songwritting, refrencing the Velvet Underground in his album Hunky Dory and adding songs »White Light/White Heat« and »I'm Waiting for the Man« in his setlist in the early 1970's. The song/album was produced by the legendary David Bowie and his guitarist Mick Ronson, whom greatly influenced all of the work that Reed had done with his band The Velvet Underground in the 1960's. It was released in 1972 as a single from the second solo album Transformer, together with his big hit »Walk On The Wild Side«. Perfect Day is a song by American songwritter Lou Reed.
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![]() Sinceno harm can be done no matter what is in the ROM, this is onlya warning, and Mini vMac will keep running. Thereis code in the ROM to do this when the Macintosh Plus boots,but since Mini vMac patches the ROM to replace the disk driver,it also patches the ROM to disable the checksum verification.So Mini vMac does the check itself, before patching the ROM,and gives a warning message if the checksum is incorrect. Mini vMac will verify the checksum of the ROM on launch. In OS X itchecks in "/Users//Library/Preferences/Gryphel/mnvm_rom/",and then also in "/Library/Application Support/Gryphel/mnvm_rom/".In Windows 7 and Vista, "C:\Users\\AppData\Roaming\Gryphel\mnvm_rom\".In Windows XP, "C:\Documents and Settings\\Application Data\Gryphel\mnvm_rom\".In Windows 98, "C:\WINDOWS\Application Data\Gryphel\mnvm_rom\".In the X Versions, "~/.gryphel/mnvm_rom".And in Macintosh Classic "System Folder:Preferences:Gryphel:mnvm_rom".The "mnvm_rom" folder may be an aliasto where ever you keep your ROM collection. If Mini vMac doesn't find theROM image in the locations described above, it willalso look in a specific central location. Or, if there is an argument ofthe form “-d ”, MinivMac looks for the ROM image in. In the X version, if the folder containing the application can not bedetermined, Mini vMac looks for the ROM image file in the current directory.For example, finding the application directory is not implementedin OpenBSD and Minix.Īlso in the X version, if an argument of the form“-r ” is used on the command line,that is used instead of the application directoryor current directory. Actually, the file is really named“” internally, but what you see is “vMac.ROM”.)And in the X versions you use a symlink, or "symbolic link".Īn exception to the above is that in the Mac OS X version,if you create a folder called “mnvm_dat”inside the “Contents” folder within the application bundle(control click on the application and choose “Show Package Contents”),then Mini vMac will look for the “vMac.ROM” file, and the disk1.dsk, disk2.dsk, etc files,within the “mnvm_dat” folder.This allows you to make a self contained Mac OS X application thatruns an application for the Mac Plus (especially when used with the“ AutoQuit”software.) (It must be “vMac.ROM”,not “Shortcut to vMac.ROM”. The ROM image file may also be placed elsewhere, with an alias(named “vMac.ROM”) to it placed in Mini vMac’s folder."Alias" is the term used for Macintosh. Once you have told Mini vMacwhere the ROM image is, booting will resume.īefore giving up and asking you where the ROM image file is,the first location Mini vMac will look for it is in the foldercontaining the MinivMac application, with the name “vMac.ROM”. Or, in the Macintosh or Windowsversions, you can choose the “Open Disk Image.” commandfrom the “File” menu,or the ‘O’ command from the Control Mode to bringup the bring up the standard dialog. You can drag the icon of the file ontoto the Mini vMac window. If it does not find the ROM image, it will waitfor you to tell it where it is. When Mini vMac launches, it will look for a ROM image file in a numberof possible locations. If you don’t have a Macintosh Plus,you could check the“ Where to buy an old Macintosh”page. So to legally use Mini vMac, you need toown a real Macintosh Plus. Note thatthe ROM image file is copyright Apple Computer, and may notbe redistributed. A program such as“ CopyRoms”,when run on a real Macintosh Plus, will savethis information to a file, which can then be transferredto the computer on which you want to run Mini vMac. The ROM (“Read Only Memory”) contains information needed forthe Macintosh Plus to function, and the emulation of theMacintosh Plus also needs this information. ![]() The Pilot One features precision GPS, real-time stitching and the ability to shoot 8K images at 7fps. One of the capabilities of the Pilot One is Google Street View integration. It has a large touch screen and runs a version of android that includes its own apps. The Pilot One is a professional 360 camera designed as an all-in-one virtual tour creator. Any of these cameras work with Google Street view, so your final choice will probably depend on the price of the camera and the features it has.īest 360 Cameras for Google Street View Photography I’ve listed them based on their price vs value with the top one being best value for money. Some of the cameras are very expensive and some are very cheap, the more expensive ones are for professionals, however even the cheaper ones are good enough to get you Certified as a trusted photographer by Google I’m going to suggest 5 360 camera for creating Street View images, I’ll show you how much they cost, the quality of the 360 images and how easy the camera is to use. ![]() If a 360 camera is compatible with Google Street view it will be certified under one of these categories, but at long as its certified under one of them you can be sure it works with Street View. Street View workflow ready: Publishing tools (sometimes bundled with cameras) that can upload to Street View accounts.Street View vr ready: 360 cameras or systems that collect geometry in addition to generating sets of connected 360 photos.Street View auto ready: 360 cameras tailored for vehicle-based collection with the highest accuracy.Street View mobile ready: 360 cameras that can publish Street View directly from a mobile app-without requiring a desktop workflow.Google have actually created 4 categories for the types of cameras it recommends for street view photography: Google has minimum requirements for uploading 360 images onto its street view platform, so you’ll need to make sure you have a camera that meets their standards. If you want a 360 camera specifically for uploading to Google street view there are definitely some options that are better than others. The number of cheaper, consumer 360 cameras has exploded in the past few years, meaning there are now many options to choose from if you want a simple, all in one solution for shooting 360 images. Thankfully it’s now easier than ever to add your own images to Google Street View and you can get started for less than $200.ĭon’t believe me? Here’s my Street View profile that has racked up nearly 1 million views, all with photos taken by a 360 camera that now costs $125 Hundreds of millions of people use street view, so it’s not surprising that many are keen to contribute to this huge repository of 360 images. ![]() Google Street view was the first interactive 360 experience that went mainstream, now its impossible to imagine a world where I can’t explore a random street in New York from the comfort of my London home. ![]() Nice. Clear but not bright, engaging and good imaging. Option 4 - Using rtapp APPLICATIONS="RoonBridgeHelper RAATServer”.Makes the image fatter and less separated. Option 3 - Using rtapp APPLICATIONS="RoonAppliance".Option 2 - Disable both rtapp and rtirqĭisabling realtime manual assignment makes my system much less clear, imaging far softer.or does it.?!ĭisabling rtapp by command: systemctl disable rtapp.timer then rebooting means no priority for applications but continue to have priority for irq makes my system duller, treble is affected. But leaving them there should make no difference. So HQplayer has higher priority than RoonAppliance and RoonBridge etc.Technically you can remove all names of apps not being used. This lists priority of apps with names in the order of the priority. Original APPLICATIONS="jackd mpd hqplayer hqplayerd RoonAppliance RoonBridge mediacenter24 networkaudiod deadbeef a2jmidid ardour-5.12.0 rosegarden audacity” I again used File Editor as Root and went to /etc/rtapp/nf So perhaps it shouldn't have a higher priority as an audio app.Īfter some back and forth with Piero and some analysis of what is running in the computer when playing music, we came to the following few options for listening tests: Seems that RoonAppliance engages in both foreground and background processes in different threads, and adjusting process-level priority would unduly elevate background work. I found the following on a French discussion board where someone asked and RoonLab support replied to define the Roon apps being used during playback. If I had other USB devices connected, my PF would have given the same priority to any connected USB device - clearly not want I want. The original IRQ priority was simply any connected usb. For my computer it turned out to be xhci_hcd. I used File Editor as Root and went to /etc/nfįrom suggestions on this link I did the checked rtstatus and rtcards to figure out which IRQ item referred to my connected DAC. When it is on, the nf and nf priorities for IRQ and audio applications respectively are in place and active. There are 2 files being controlled by the realtime manual assignment switch. What follows are specific to the Pink Faun 2.16x and my particular set up but it might be useful for general computers as well. But you can get much finer control over the settings. I believe that is what the Extreme modes and Normal modes are already doing when AL allows one to select them. But unless the assignment of priorities of what is going on internally is set correctly, the computer won't rank important priorities like "play back" over say less important priorities like "displaying/searching lists of music" correctly. On questioning Piero in detail about what this was all about it's to do with IRQ and audio application priorities - very important things actually! AudoLinux is already pretty compact as it's a built-up OS rather than a cut down from a large OS. ![]() I want to discuss the new option Expert option "ENABLE/DISABLE realtime manual assignment" Went smoothly for me executed from the old menu update page. I don't know if it is an ALSA, OR the Interface problem (Behringer says that it is USB compliant and runs OTB with Mac OS) but did not work for me at all.Had a chance to install the latest menu/system and 5.1 kernel. Well I hope I have provided engough information. I've installed 17.10 then formated the HD and installed 16.04 and in both systems I could not make MB nor Ardour to run. ![]() but even when I make it work, I can't record, play anything. While Installing MixBus I've got couple messages regarding processor scaling systems governor to be set as " performance" which I did (I'll try to load pics here).īut despite all the adjustments done, seems that the system and the interface are not getting along too well. I've tried the Unity under Windows and it runs fine. running MixBus under Alsa>Jack etc.) But it doesn't work at all. I can start Jack and make all adjustments, but when I load either Ardour or MixBus, starts but sytem becomes quite unstable, no sound etc. I can see the device under Alsa Mixer etc. Differently from what I've seen around, Jack recognizes the interface, Alsa Mixer too (altough it is not on the top of the list). I've recently bought a Behringer's UMC404HD. My question here is related with running Ardour and Mixbus. This application can be installed on Mac OS X 10.7.2 or later. One of the most amazing synergies is to combine Yep with the mailing scanning services of Earth Class Mail. Download Yep 4.0.4 for Mac from our software library for free. It makes them all searchable and way more organized. It can organize all of the documents already on your Mac (like PDFs). Like iTunes for music or iPhoto for photos, Yep lets you search and view your documents in a comfortable. Yep is scanner friendly, but doesn't require one. I have to admit that m1 macbook air battery life is compelling. Where to get it: Yep is available from Ironic Software, costs $34, and requires Mac OS X 10.4.10 or later. Yep is a document organization and management tool. Macs look like a comfortable unixy environment. Also, the succinct manual’s dead good and should get you going if you find the interface a wee bit bewildering to start with. START HERE written above yellow line with blue athletic shoes at. To deactivate an app, right click its icon in the dock and select Quit option (or choose Yep 3.6.1 > Quit Yep 3.6.1 on the Menu bar). Prior to the removal of Yep 3.6.1, you should first log into your Mac with an administrator account, and turn Yep 3.6.1 off if it is running. Version 4 on the Mac App store will be more expensive due in part to there being no coupons on Apple’s stores. Conventional Steps to Uninstall Yep 3.6.1 for Mac. Coming soon to the Mac App Store Note: If you have already purchased Yep from the Mac App Store, email our support for an upgrade coupon for the retail version 4. Back to: Scrivener 3 Fundamentals for Mac. Get Yep 4 now: Buy direct from us and support a small business. The ‘Tracking Locations’ sidebar enables you to navigate in a Finder-like way, but filters the main view to display previews of PDFs in the current folder and nested ones. Starting Scrivener (Yep, the absolute basics). ![]() Join Ahrefs were a powerful but easy to learn SEO toolset with a passionate. ![]() User-defined tags and smart collections enable you to rapidly create virtual dynamic groups of PDFs based on your own criteria, and since metadata is written to each file, searches can be performed in Spotlight. You dont have to be an SEO pro to rank higher and get more traffic. Why it’s good: Along with being absurdly fast (our copy was ready to rock on a Mac with several thousand PDFs after about two seconds), Yep automatically creates tag keywords based on document locations, and, unlike iLife apps, doesn’t copy documents into its own database-it just leaves them wherever you’ve stored them. What it is: A PDF manager-think iPhoto for PDF, but with superior tagging, and no weakness for mucking about with file locations. ![]() Therefore, it became clear to us that in order to empirically assess parents’ capacity for taking their children’s perspectives into consideration there was a need to develop a measure designed for this purpose. However, the parental capacity to “see things from the child’s point of view,” which we termed insightfulness and saw, following Ainsworth, as centrally important, was viewed in these new measures as but one aspect of more general representations of caregiving. This body of research represented a key development because it allowed, perhaps for the first time, to empirically assess the clinically useful concept of internal representations or working models and to examine their putative impact on the parent–child relationship. The interviews of mothers of securely attached children also reflect commitment, trust, cooperation, knowledge of self and child as individuals, and joy in the parenting experience. A number of early studies (Ainsworth & Eichberg, 1991 Bretherton, Biringen, Ridgeway, Maslin, & Sherman, 1989 Fonagy et al., 1995 George & Solomon, 1989, 1996 Slade, Grienenberger, Bernbach, Levy, & Locker, 2005 Solomon & George, 1999 Zeanah, Benoit, Hirschberg, & Barton, 1994) showed that mothers of securely attached children produce narratives that are more flexible, balanced, and integrated when interviewed about their children when compared to mothers of insecurely attached children. A particularly influential AAI-based insight was linguistic: that the organization of speakers’ narratives about attachment-related issues can reveal important features of their Internal Working Models. These assessments were based on Bowlby’s concept of Internal Working Models (Bowlby, 1982) and on the then recent development of the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI Main, Kaplan, & Cassidy, 1985). This interpretation is thought to lead to sensitive and emotionally regulating parental responses, which, in turn, enable the child to organize his or her feelings in a coherent and effective manner – as is typical of the securely attached infant.īased on these theoretical viewpoints, several researchers developed interview assessments of parents’ representations of their children (see Solomon & George, 2008, for a review). By utilizing an open, balanced, and coherent thought process, these mothers take their infants’ inner worlds into account when interpreting their behavior. According to these authors, mothers of secure children base their responses to their children on non-defensive, reflective thinking. (Fonagy, Steele, Steele, Moran, & Higgitt, 1991) suggested that the basis for infants’ security is mothers’ ability to reflect upon their mental states. Lieberman ( 1997) followed suit with her concept of negative maternal attributions: Rigid, one-sided, and negative perceptions of the child’s behavior and motivations that act as self-fulfilling prophecies and become entrenched in the parent–child relationship and eventually the child’s experience of the self.Ĭontinuing with the efforts to understand the intrapsychic processes underlying maternal sensitivity, Fonagy et al. ![]() The clinical perspective of Fraiberg, Adelson, and Shapiro ( 1975) suggested that in some cases such difficulties are rooted in unresolved parental childhood conflicts and traumas that may distort an adult’s mental representation of their child and lead to serious disturbances in the parent–child relationship. Conversely, difficulties in taking the child’s perspective into consideration and focusing instead on one’s own states, wishes, and anxieties are thought to be at the root of insensitive maternal behavior and insecure attachment. One of the most well-known proponents of this point of view was by Ainsworth (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978), who described how mothers’ capacity to “see things from the infants’ point of view” serves as the basis for sensitive maternal behavior, and consequently for infants’ secure attachment. As young students of developmental and clinical psychology during the 1980s, we were impressed by the work of clinicians and developmental researchers who argued that a full understanding of parent–child relationships requires a move to the level of parental representations, including the parent’s depiction of the child’s emotional world. ![]() Because the applications are hosted in the cloud, backup operations have no impact on the local network and have no requirements for local storage capacity/network bandwidth. The tools provide fully managed cloud backup service that includes vendor-hosted backup management application and air-gapped cloud storage. It is the largest type of G Suite backups and the focus of this post. ![]() There are 20+ G Suite backup tools on the market, including 7 cloud-based solutions which are the focus of this review 1. This section provides a short overview of other types of solutions in order to present a more complete picture. In this blog post we focus cloud-based backup services. Important Spanning limitations include the automated backup frequency limited to 1x per day and only a single backup storage region (USA) which can be unacceptable for GDPR-compliant organizations. However, Spanning backup and restore speeds were 2x+ slower than Backupify and worse than most other solutions. It showed good backup a success rate and its feature set is mature and comparable with Backupify. See the Backupify section below for a more detailed description of the issue. The service in some cases skips Drive files during backup runs, and yet it reports such incomplete backups as successful as long as at least one file in the backup run is backed up. It features a detailed audit log, admin roles, a reporting module and 3x per day automated GSuite back up.īackupify's main drawback, in addition to the low success rate, is the "silent" Google Drive and Shared Drive backup errors. However its backup success rate and overall reliability was noticeably lower than most other solutions. The description of Afi service is kept to the minimum in this article and if you'd like to learn more, check this Google Cloud documentation about Afi Google Workspace backup.īackupify achieved #1 rank thanks to the mature feature set and fast performance. See the vendor details & company profiles at the end of this post for additional information.Īfi itself develops a cloud G Suite (Google Workspace) backup, and this summary is based on our internal competitive study and benchmarking performed in partnership with our managed service provider partners who used multiple backups in the course of their business. This information is based on public sources as well as interviews with Afi partners & customers. In addition to the performance metrics, the tools were evaluated based on the vendor background, company size and history. Each solution was assigned a (somewhat subjective) grade reflecting the adequacy of backup, restore, management and reporting features. Measured as the average restore speed for one G Suite user backup with 4 GB of data in Gmail and 15 GB in Google Drive. During the first backup all protected data has to be pulled from Google Workspace accounts, which takes more time to execute compared to subsequent "incremental" backups which only need to sync data changes (increments) since the last backup. The average speed of the initial (first) backup. It is calculated as the number of successful backup runs divided by the total backup runs. It takes into account all Google Drive and G Suite Gmail backup runs during the 2 test weeks. In order to compare the solutions we summaried these four key measures for each solution: The following recovery benchmarks were then calculated for each solution: number of total backup jobs, how many of them failed and how many succeeded.įinally, Google Drive and Google Workspace (G Suite) user email backups were restored (to the same test domain) to measure the speed and accuracy of recovery. The backup tools performed automated (scheduled) backups of the entire test domain for 2 weeks. The test domain had 2 TB in total storage across all users and included a representative set of files and emails: large 10GB+ media files, large number of small text files (source code) as well as native Google Workspace (G Suite) files such as documents, spreadsheets and presentations. Each G Suite (Google Workspace) backup tool included in the review was installed on a test domain with 80 users and 20 Shared (Team) Drives by one of Afi managed service provider partners. ![]() ![]() Two other freeware SSH frontends worth mentioning are: In the resulting pop-up window, you'll be able to change, among other things, the file's permissions. You can also change certain attributes of a file, regardless of whether a file is local or remote, by selecting the file in Fugu's file browser and clicking the Get Info icon. Only then can you delete the empty directory. In other words, if you want to delete a directory and all of the files contained within it, you'll have to delete the files manually. At the time of this writing, Fugu could not delete recursively. Īs noted earlier, Fugu can be used to remotely delete files simply by selecting the filename and then clicking on the Delete icon. To download folders in Fugu, you must use scp. However, at the time of this writing, you could not use Fugu to drag and download directories with sftp. You can now drag and drop to upload or download files. Click the Authenticate button and, if all goes well, the right column of Fugu's window displays the remote directory in its file browser. If you're connecting to this host for the first time, you'll be prompted to enter a password and add it to your Keychain. Once you've entered this information as shown in Figure 7-3, click the Connect button. Once you've added this information, add the host to a list of Favorites so you can quickly connect to that site in the future, instead of entering all of its information each time. ![]() Under Advanced SFTP Options, you can enable features such as compression or enter additional SSH options. To use Fugu, enter the IP address or domain name, remote username, port, and directory that you want to access. When Fugu is launched, you will be greeted with a dialog window that includes a file browser showing your local Home directory, and blank fields that you must fill in to make an sftp connection to a remote site, as illustrated in Figure 7-3. Support for connections to alternate portsįavorites list for frequently visited hosts Permissions, owner and group modification As noted on its web site (which should always be consulted for the most up-to-date version and information), Fugu has many useful features including, but not limited to, the following:ĭrag and drop files on its interface to upload/download files Fugu is developed and provided as freeware by the University of Michigan's Research Systems Unix Group. gftp can be installed on Mac OS X using Fink.Īnother option is Fugu (), which is a graphical interface to the OpenSSH program bundled with Mac OS X. One such frontend, familiar to Unix/Linux users, is Brian Masney's GTK+/glib-based gftp (). Although the SSH tools are fully functional from the command line, several GUIs are available for SSH. As noted earlier in the book, OpenSSH is bundled with Mac OS X. OpenSSH is a free version of the SSH suite of network connectivity tools that provides encrypted replacements for telnet, ftp, rlogin, rcp, and more. ![]() What they found was a rich culture that in some cases dated back to the Middle Ages and originated in adult customs at that time. The Opies studied and interviewed children in England, Scotland and Ireland just after World War II, meticulously documenting the customs and vocabulary of their rituals, games, and traditions. “Ollie ollie oxen free” is part of what Iona and Peter Opie, in their wonderful book “The Lore and Language of Schoolchildren” (Oxford University Press, 1959), called “the code of oral legislation” among children. So the “Ollie” shout is really from Hide and Seek, not Tag. “Ollie ollie oxen free” is traditionally shouted at this point by the old “It” to let the other players know that they should emerge from their hiding places and start the game over. It’s when “It” finds one of the hiders, of course, that the found child becomes “It” and the game restarts. I was never a big fan of playing “Tag” because I was a small, weedy child and consequently spent a disproportionate amount of time being “It.” “Hide and Seek,” where children hide from the child designated “It,” at least gave me the opportunity to get some reading done behind the couch. “Refudiate” won the “Most Unnecessary” category hands down. Runners-up included “nom” (“Onomatopoetic form connoting eating, especially pleasurably”), “junk” in a number of senses, “Wikileaks,” and “trend” as a verb. Whee! Incidentally, the American Dialect Society (ADS), the linguists and scholars who study and document American English as it is actually spoken, voted at their annual meeting this month to declare “app” (short for “application,” a software program that runs on a computer, telephone, etc.) as the ADS Word of the Year for 2010. No, with this “app,” you just point your phone’s camera at the puzzle and it uses artificial intelligence to solve it for you. You’ll notice that I didn’t say for “playing” Sudoku. Isn’t there an iPhone app for that now? Apparently there’s now one for solving Sudoku puzzles. Hours of discussion, thought and PowerPoint expertise have been invested in this slide and, until you can track it down, it is worth exactly nothing.Īdmittedly, this is an extreme scenario, but, if you have spent any part of your career creating or delivering presentations, you have most likely had to deal with not being able to locate or access a slide you need.Dear Word Detective: Don’t know if I’m spelling this correctly, but I’d like to know the origin of the “Ollie, Ollie, Oxen Free” shouted by children playing the ancient game of tag. At this point, you are basically beating the bushes. You checked your email but there were so many versions of the presentation emailed to so many people, it’s not entirely clear which contains the final, perfect, blessed-by-upper-management version of the slide. These lesser versions are scattered, along with the version you need, among several presentation files that reside on at least four different laptops, one of which is now in in a bag under a seat on a plane flying in the vicinity of Kalamazoo. There are a handful of less perfect versions of the slide that lead up to the ultimate, perfect version. It makes the key point of your argument elegantly and convincingly. ![]() You and your team worked long and hard on creating the elusive perfect slide. ![]() It provides many important ecosystem services, including protecting biodiversity, regulating regional climate, and preventing soil erosion ( Tilman et al., 1996 Yan et al., 2003 Harper et al., 2005). Its alpine meadow area reaches 1.39 km × 10 6 km, occupying nearly half (44%) of the grassland area of China ( Tan et al., 2010). The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is the highest plateau (average 4,000 m above sea level) on earth, known as “the roof of the world.” There are various types of grasslands on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, like alpine meadow, alpine grassland, alpine shrub, and alpine desert. These results provide insights to designing reasonable ecological management strategies for alpine grassland ecosystems. This study revealed how pika activities affected microbial networks and ecosystem multifunctionality. However, the mixed effects of grazing and pika weakened such influences. Pika disturbance at high intensity significantly reduced the ecosystem multifunctionality. In response to the interference, cross-domain cooperation between bacterial and fungal communities increased, while competitive interactions between bacterial and archaeal communities increased. In particular, the bacterial and fungal networks were less stable than archaeal networks. Most fungal communities became convergent, while bacterial and archaeal communities became differentiated during the succession of surface types. Bacteria, fungi, and archaea were all influenced by the combined disturbance of grazing and pika. Our results demonstrated that Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, and Crenarchaeota were dominant in bacteria, fungi, and archaea, respectively. To address this question, we studied the impacts of only pika disturbance and combined disturbance (pika disturbance and grazing) on ecological networks of soil microbial communities and ecosystem multifunctionality. Nevertheless, little is known about the responses of bacterial, fungal, and archaeal communities, and ecosystem multifunctionality to pika perturbations. Pika activities may accelerate the degradation of alpine meadows. Plateau pikas ( Ochotona curzoniae) are high-altitude model animals and famous “ecosystem engineers” on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 6State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.5Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.4Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.3Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Region, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.2Changsha Central South Forestry Survey Planning and Design Co., Ltd., Changsha, China.1School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.Jiawei Yang 1, Sijie Wang 1, Wanghong Su 1, Qiaoling Yu 1, Xiaochen Wang 1, Qian Han 1, Yuting Zheng 2, Jiapeng Qu 3,4*, Xiangzhen Li 5* and Huan Li 1,4,6* |
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